Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 054.9      ICD10: B00.9      ICD11: 1F00.Z

Herpes simplex is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
There are two main types:

HSV-1: Typically associated with oral herpes, causing cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth. However, it can also cause genital herpes.
HSV-2: Primarily associated with genital herpes, causing sores on the genitals, buttocks, or inner thighs. However, it can also cause oral herpes.

Key characteristics of herpes simplex:

Highly contagious: Spread through direct contact with sores or the virus, even when sores aren't present (asymptomatic shedding).
Lifelong infection: Once infected, the virus remains in the body, even after sores heal. It can reactivate and cause outbreaks.
Symptoms:
Outbreaks: Painful blisters or sores that may tingle, itch, or burn before appearing.
Flu-like symptoms: Fever, swollen lymph nodes, headache, and fatigue during the initial outbreak.
Asymptomatic shedding: Virus is present and contagious without causing any visible symptoms.
Triggers for outbreaks: Stress, illness, sunlight exposure, hormonal changes, or weakened immune system.
Treatment: Antiviral medications can help reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of outbreaks, as well as decrease the risk of transmission. There is no cure for herpes.

Important considerations:

Genital herpes can be transmitted to a baby during childbirth, which can cause serious health problems for the newborn.
People with weakened immune systems may experience more frequent and severe outbreaks.
Herpes can increase the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.

If you suspect you have herpes, it's important to see a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.