Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 331.81      ICD10: G93.7      ICD11: 8E46

Reye Syndrome is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain.
It most often affects children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection, such as the flu or chickenpox.

Here's a breakdown of key points:

What it is: A rare, acute (sudden onset) illness that damages the liver and brain.
Who it affects: Primarily children and teenagers, though it can occur in adults.
Cause: The exact cause is unknown, but it's strongly linked to the use of aspirin or medications containing salicylates during recovery from viral infections like the flu or chickenpox.
Symptoms: Reye's syndrome progresses rapidly and can be life-threatening. Symptoms vary but typically include:
Early symptoms (usually develop a few days after a viral illness):
Persistent or continuous vomiting
Lethargy, sleepiness, or confusion
Later symptoms (indicate worsening brain swelling):
Irritability, aggression, or combativeness
Seizures
Weakness or paralysis in the arms and legs
Changes in mental status (disorientation, hallucinations, coma)
Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and the results of tests such as:
Blood tests (to check liver function and rule out other conditions)
Liver biopsy (to examine liver tissue)
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid
CT scan or MRI of the brain
Treatment: There is no specific cure for Reye's syndrome. Treatment focuses on supporting the vital functions of the body and reducing brain swelling. This may include:
Hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU)
Monitoring of vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing)
Medications to reduce brain swelling and pressure
Assisted breathing with a ventilator
Intravenous fluids and electrolytes
Medications to control seizures
Prevention: The most important step in preventing Reye's syndrome is to avoid giving aspirin or products containing salicylates to children and teenagers when they have a fever or symptoms of a viral illness. Always read medication labels carefully and consult with a doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

Important Note: If you suspect that a child or teenager may have Reye's syndrome, seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving the chances of recovery.