Published: 18 Jun 2025

ICD9: 004.0      ICD10: A03.0      ICD11: XN7HG

Shigella is a genus of bacteria that causes an infection called shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery.
Here's a breakdown:

Bacteria: Shigella are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. They are closely related to *E. coli*.
Infection (Shigellosis): Shigellosis is a highly contagious infection of the intestines. It's a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide, especially in developing countries.
Symptoms: Common symptoms include:
Diarrhea (often bloody)
Fever
Stomach cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Tenesmus (a feeling of needing to pass stool even when the bowels are empty)
Transmission: Shigella spreads easily through the fecal-oral route. This means it's typically transmitted when someone ingests even tiny amounts of fecal matter from an infected person. Common modes of transmission include:
Contaminated food (often from handlers who haven't washed their hands properly)
Contaminated water (especially in areas with poor sanitation)
Direct contact with an infected person (common in daycare centers, nursing homes, and among household members)
Sexual contact
Flies (in some settings)
Treatment:
Mild cases usually resolve on their own with rest and fluids.
More severe cases may require antibiotics. However, antibiotic resistance is a growing concern with Shigella.
Rehydration is crucial to prevent dehydration, especially in young children and the elderly.
Prevention: The best way to prevent Shigella infection is through:
Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food.
Safe food handling practices (washing fruits and vegetables, cooking food thoroughly).
Safe water practices (drinking treated or bottled water, especially when traveling).
Proper sanitation and sewage disposal.
Avoiding swimming in contaminated water.

In summary, Shigella is a bacterium that causes a highly contagious diarrheal illness. Good hygiene practices are critical to prevent its spread.